The episode remains as the bloodiest event in Spain's modern history, doubling in relative terms the Spanish Civil War. The French occupation destroyed the Spanish administration, which fragmented into quarrelling provincial juntas. The war began in Spain with the Dos de Mayo Uprising on and ended on 17 April 1814 with the restoration of Ferdinand VII to the monarchy. The war on the peninsula lasted until the Sixth Coalition defeated Napoleon in 1814, and it is regarded as one of the first wars of national liberation and is significant for the emergence of large-scale guerrilla warfare. Most Spaniards rejected French rule and fought a bloody war to oust them. Napoleon Bonaparte forced the abdications of Ferdinand VII and his father Charles IV and then installed his brother Joseph Bonaparte on the Spanish throne and promulgated the Bayonne Constitution. The war began when the French and Spanish armies invaded and occupied Portugal in 1807 by transiting through Spain, and it escalated in 1808 after Napoleonic France had occupied Spain, which had been its ally. In Spain, it is considered to overlap with the Spanish War of Independence. ![]() The Peninsular War (1807–1814) was the military conflict fought by Spain, the United Kingdom and Portugal against the invading and occupying forces of France for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars. The siege of Cádiz and Andalusia 1810–1812 Wellington 1813: 121,000 (53,749 British, 39,608 Spanish and 27,569 Portuguese Ģ15,000–375,000 military and civilian dead ġ,000,000+ military and civilian dead Ģnd invasion of Portugal and northern Spain 1809
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![]() ![]() That GPU is completely "fixed-function" and does not support user-submitted code. Given that your CPU is probably as ancient as your GPU, you're completely out of luck. Unless you have a high-end, modern CPU from the past 3-4 years, like a Core i7 3770K or better, you're not going to be able to emulate OpenGL 2.1 in software at a playable framerate. A CPU contemporaneous with a motherboard with an AGP slot (something like a Pentium 4, yeah?) may have SSE2, but probably not the others. Additionally, they don't guarantee good performance or even correct behavior unless your CPU has SSE2 and SSSE3 and SSE4.1. Indeed, the mesa3d project maintains such an optimized software renderer as part of its project, but support for Windows is an afterthought, and building it is a bear. Of course, on current-gen Intel and AMD CPUs, we almost always have an on-die GPU that's more than capable of running an OpenGL 2.1 game, anyway, so. So for an OpenGL 2.1 game, it would've had to have been released no earlier than July 2006 (since that's when OpenGL 2.1 itself was finalized), meaning we could start to see playable framerates (30 - 60 fps) when rendered in software with an optimized OpenGL 2.1 implementation on a current-gen CPU. For any game, whether it's simple 2D or not, my rule of thumb is, you can run its 3d renderer in software with a high-end CPU from 10 years in the future. However, the reason that GPUs exist is that they can compute graphics operations much faster than a CPU of the same generation. Now, emulation of any revision of OpenGL on the CPU is possible. But your hardware is at least 6 or 7 years too old to support that. If your GPU hardware were more capable, it could support later revisions of OpenGL on Windows XP with a newer AMD Catalyst device driver package. OpenGL exposes GPU hardware capabilities to the operating system. OpenGL can't be "upgraded", and it must be included with your graphics driver. ![]() Do I need a separate OpenGL installation/upgrade or has it to be included into my graphic card driver? Where can I get it? |
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